De Los Medios A Las Mediaciones ( 1987 ) Is Considered One...

De los medios a las mediaciones (1987) is considered one of the key works of Martà ­n-Barbero not only in the Latin American context, but worldwide. The book had been translated in four languages and, according to WorldCat, is held by 578 libraries worldwide. The Handbook of Latin American Studies describes De los medios†¦ as an Important contribution to Latin American cultural studies [that] focuses on popular culture within a general theory of hegemony. Also relates how mass media define national identities. As Herlinghaus puts it, it is â€Å"one of the most important books about the episteme of modernity and its mismatches† (Martà ­n-Barbero Herlinghaus, 2000: 147) and it is a treaty about how and what â€Å"the study of communication should shift from an emphasis on ownership and control, and on messages, to an emphasis on reception and consumption† (Hinds, 1994). Protzel called it â€Å"an etno-historiographic painting of popular massification, a cultural history composed by its own fragments† (Protzel, 1998, cited in Martà ­n-Barbero Herlinghaus, 2000: 30). This work is not only a result of Martà ­n Barbero’s erudition and his interdisciplinary approach, but it is also a product of his journey across Latin America and his meetings in several think tanks and universities in the continent in the mid-1980s. Martà ­n Barbero was eager to know what communication scholars were doing in the field, â€Å"he interviewed them, asking what we were doing and how, and what were our models†, remembers

Jean H. Baker The Lives Of American Suffragists Essay

Jean H. Baker is a teacher and author who specializes in studies that surrounds American politics in the 19th and 20th century. Along with many books regarding women she wrote, Sisters: The Lives of American Suffragists, published in 2006. Baker is an historian who has a passion to write about the leading ladies of the feminist movement, but she did not limit her writing to just this topic. Though her writing generally focused on the women’s movement, she also wrote books about certain presidents such as, Buchanan and Lincoln. Sisters, a collection of biographies, has a central purpose to describe the lives of five crucial characters of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s and early 1900s. This movement began during a period when nearly no one would allow a woman to stand up as a leader, and no one approved of any woman wearing pants; it was only acceptable for women to wear floor length dresses or skirts. Along with the strict dress code women had to abide by to remain sociable, their central duty was to be a house maiden and to care for children. Even the most monumental women in the feminist movement were expected to bear children and raise them the best they could. The leading woman who broke this cement mold that had been in place for decades was Susan B. Anthony. â€Å"In fact, she believed clothes to be just another illustration of the subjection of women† (Baker, 2006, p. 55). So with that being said she became the first woman to advocate for the cause of womenShow MoreRelatedWomens Suffrage: Creation of the 19th Amendment Essay3991 Words   |  16 Pageslike them, Americans wouldn’t have any rights that we have today. By researching and learning on women’s suffrage, I believe that it will better inform me and you on the importance of women voting. By reading my paper, I hope to enlighten you all on the history of the 19th amendment and why it is so significant to women and American history. During women’s suffrage, there were so many sacrifices made for women like you and me to have equality and treated equal in the world we live in today. Also

750 word analysis of a print advert Essay Example For Students

750 word analysis of a print advert Essay Advertising is all around us almost every second of the day, from T. V, radio and magazines to T-shirts and even the product itself. Also if you look back through the ages you will see that weve always had advertising like stall owners at markets and town criers. So advertising has always been around but what is it and why is it used? Well the Oxford English dictionary says, Advertise: proclaim merits of; to encourage sales; make generally or publicly known; ask for by notice. To put that generally it means to tell warn or inform. Advertising is a way of companies to get out on the market and to show what they have, without prior advertisement we wouldnt know what we could buy or where we could buy it. Every where you look you see advertisements, on buses, trains, toilet walls anywhere, but it takes something pretty impressive to make us think God I need that now! or I cant live without that! Thats where the big stunts or events come in, Like the sponsored chicken run by Kellogg or the make your own wings day by Red Bull. Both of these have been used and worked. Why do companies advertise in the way they do? They are all cleverly placed so their target audience have the best possible chance of seeing them, I mean you wouldnt advertise a stair-lift or pension plan in a teens magazine. Movies are advertised on school buses because they know that their biggest audience is mates hanging out so it gets to the teens and some other possible people that might go see the film will see the advert as the bus makes its journey. The advert that Im going to analyse has been taken out of Best magazine and is for Ribena original blackcurrant juice drink this is shown by the whole of the printed advert having a purple tinge to represent the blackcurrant. This advert appears to be targeted towards adults firstly because of it being found in an adults magazine and secondly because of the character used. In the centre of the advert a small child is seen wearing a jumper which completely covers him with just the top of his head and the bottom of his legs and feet visible. This is used to give the feel good factor and memory factor to make a powerful combination of not just making the audience think that used to be me but also to the parents of thinking thats my child as well. Possibly, after then, subconsciously, using this image as a catalyst to start almost a domino effect of all good memories of family members dressing up or getting a Christmas present that was to big for them. If my last statements are true this could be considered a Hyperbole. Which brings me neatly round to my next point.

Supply and Demand of Gasoline Essay Example

Supply and Demand of Gasoline Essay The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) produces about 40% of the world’s crude oil. This huge share allows OPEC to influence the world’s oil prices by limiting its members’ supplies to the marketplace through the imposition of quota. However, despite this large share of reserves, the continuous fluctuation of prices of the world’s crude oil shows that OPEC’s control over world prices is limited by the other forces affecting the global supply and demand of oil and gasoline (Grant, et. Al.).The supply and demand of gasoline is affected by price controls and in the same way, price changes affect the supply and demand of gasoline. But other than the gasoline’s relationship with its price per se, there are underlying factors that affect the supply and demand of gasoline. The price of crude and the perceptions on the future conditions of the market, which are then dependent on geopolitical changes, growing demand, seasonal changes , lack of spare production capacity and low Alaskan production capacity, are two of the major factors (Gasoline, 2006).Since the supply of gasoline is dependent on the supply of crude, it is indirectly dependent on the factors which affect the supply and demand of crude. And these factors are interrelated in a manner which is not as simple as it is not linear. Crude is an international commodity and is affected by the interrelationship of many international supply and demand factors. Consequently, since the supply of gasoline is largely dependent on the supply of crude, the supply and demand of gasoline are also largely affected the interrelated factors affecting the supply and demand of crude.The supply of gasoline is also dependent on the processes involved in its production and marketing. The production of gasoline involves the finding, extracting and the transportation of crude oil which is further refined to produce gasoline. This is then distributed and marketed to the retaile rs and then to the consumers. This continuum of processes is called the chain of production and it connects an international network of producers, refiners, traders and consumers of petroleum products. Meaning, the market is composed of lots of participants, all involved in the facilitation of the movement of oil from production to marketing. And any unnatural movement in these processes could greatly affect gasoline’s supply and demand (Grant, et. Al., 2006). Any event that could cause sudden disruption in the refining process of gasoline, for example, could lower the supply and increase its price. Such event could best be exemplified by the hurricane Katrina. This calamity caused an immediate hike in gasoline prices with the threat of reduced supply caused by the destruction of many refineries (Supply and Demand in Gasoline, n.d.), and with the increased demand as a result of the community’s â€Å"panic-buying† (Schwartz, 2005).With the increased global econom ic growth, plus increase in the number of commodities demanding petroleum, it is said that gasoline prices started rising in 2003 when the demand for gasoline suddenly increased (Grant, et. Al., 2006). This event has also been equated to the sudden unforeseen growth in some countries’, particularly, China’s economy, increasing the global demand for gasoline. This, in itself, has the power to increase the global price for gasoline. If the simple economic law of supply and demand would be applied, the increase in the price of gasoline would balance the market by decreasing the demand which would in turn, decrease the price. But as it is said, there are other factors that are at play. The unanticipated increase in the world’s demand on gasoline affected the world’s spare oil reserves resulting in an unanticipated substantial decrease in the world’s spare production capacity from 5.6 million barrels in 2002 to about 2 million barrels in 2003 and threat ening the future global supply (Grant, et. Al., 2006). The estimated future global supply also in itself is a significant factor that could move the market for gasoline.Spots and futures contracts are included in the market for gasoline to permit the consumers and traders to insure themselves against the risks of fluctuating prices. The futures market provides the traders with information on the future conditions regarding the gasoline’s supply and demand, that is, an estimate of the future price of the commodity. The current price of gasoline could increase or decrease just based on this information this information is a tool, used by the traders to strategically position themselves in the market, that is, whether they would buy or sell their spots and futures contracts. Their decisions, as affected by the futures information could affect the actual conditions of the current and future supply and demand of gasoline and thus, determine the price of gasoline (Grant, et. Al., 2 006).The supply and demand for gasoline involve the interrelationship of many different factors and in determining the movement of such market; no variable should be left unconsidered. The economics of gasoline works not as a simple linear cause and effect reaction but a more dynamic and sometimes circular system where all effects, however simple it may appear are greatly dependent on its minute initial conditions.